Suchergebnisse

Although tourist performance of local identity has been regarded as an instrument of everyday nation-building from below, this article describes the opposite phenomenon as Mallorca became a tourist destination in the nineteenth century. The island's identity embodied through tourist dance performances, led to denationalization and subaltern silencing in the production process of a Mediterranean and insular exotic otherness of colonial nature. In this respect, this article explains how the host population refused to assume a denationalized local identity, as well as to perform a colonial stereotype through dance.

AbstractThis article offers a microhistorical approach to the shaping of regional cultures during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to show that this process was not only imposed from centres of nationalisation as a complement of national identity, but that it also had to be negotiated with elites in provinces at the periphery. Specifically, the article looks at how the regional songbook of Majorca took shape between 1837 and 1936. In this process of musical regionalisation, the cultural authority of the tourism and colonial discourse about the island was strategically exploited by local musicians to gain some share of power from below in negotiating their own regional identity with nationalising institutions. In this way, the Spanish and Catalan national identities being projected over the island were ultimately decentred and transformed.

El presente artículo no solamente muestra los déficits de identificación campesina con el Estadonación a lo largo del siglo XX, sino que pone especial énfasis en su falta de integración en la esfera pública de ámbito nacional, que históricamente ha centrado el debate político. Demuestra la persistencia y viabilidad de esferas públicas de debate abierto en el marco local a partir de dispositivos cognitivos ligados a la cultura de tradición oral. A través de análisis textual y contextual de diferentes leyendas, canciones y ritos de Artà (Mallorca), se reconoce la voz del campesinado subalterno y se explican sus percepciones subjetivas respecto a las políticas llevadas a cabo por la Administracion Central en el territorio local. De esta manera, se llega a la conclusión que los cambios en las percepciones populares del Estado-nación no concuerdan cronológicamente con la alternancia de regimenes políticos, ante los que se expresa un alto grado de indiferencia. El paso de actitudes reactivas contra las administraciones públicas a otrasproactivos más abiertas se da en los años cincuenta y no responde tanto a las nulas garantías democráticas que ofrecía el régimen franquista, como a la continuidad los procesos de alfabetización y expansión de los servicios públicos. En esta época, la experiencia subalterna del centralismo del Estado-Nación en la aplicación de sus políticas aparece como una de las principales causas del mantenimiento de la esfera pública local. ; This article describes the deficiencies in peasant identification with the nation‐state throughout the 20th century. Special emphasis is given to lack of integration within the national public sphere, where political debate has historically been channelled. It also demonstrates the persistence and viability of open debate in local public spheres within the municipal institutional framework, based on knowledge‐construction devices related to oral tradition within a culture. The voice of subaltern peasants is heard through textual and contextual analysis of different legends, songs and rituals in Artà (Mallorca); an analysis that also attempts to explain subjective perceptions of central government policies applied in their own territory. Changes in popular perceptions of the nation‐state do not align chronologically with changes in political regimes, to which local peasantry expressed a high degree of indifference. The transition from reactive to more open and proactive attitudes towards public administration institutions occurs in the 1950s. This does not correspond to any progress in democratic rights under the Franco regime but rather to increased literacy and the expansion of public services. During this period, nationalization of the peasantry was limited by subaltern experiences of centralist application of national policies, which became a major factor in the maintenance of the local public sphere.